The radiation used in radiography testing is a higher energy (shorter wavelength) version of the electromagnetic waves that we see as visible light. The radiation can come from an X-ray generator or a radioactive source.
The previous two Connect articles dealt with the defect detection techniques of MPI, LPI and eddy current testing. These methods are capable of detecting surface or very near surface imperfections and some process is therefore required to enable buried imperfections to be reliably detected – a so-called volumetric detection method. The first such method to be used in manufacturing to determine the quality of fabricated components is radiography. X-rays generated from a cathode ray tube were discovered in the late 1890’s, soon followed by the discovery of gamma radiation from radioactive isotopes.
Ultrasonic testing (UT) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) method that works by using high-frequency sound waves to detect cracks and damage to a part of an object or material. This method can detect surface, sub-surface, internal, and dimensional defects. The ultrasonic test method can also be used to determine the thickness of a material, such as determining the thickness and corrosion that occurs in a pipe. Geochem Survey provides ultrasonic testing services to test material thickness, corrosion and defects on an object.
MPI is one of the most commonly used forms of NDT for a number of reasons:
- Can be performed quickly and portably
- Is relatively inexpensive and doesn’t require stringent pre-cleaning
- Can be performed on large or small objects
- Indication of defects can be seen immediately
- Can be used to inspect components with irregular shapes (crankshafts, connecting rods etc), and on surfaces that have other materials on them
- Identifies surface and near surface defects (areas which concentrate stresses)
- Sensitive enough to detect shallow and fine cracks
Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI) or Penetrant Testing (PT), is one of the oldest and simplest NDT methods. Liquid penetrant inspection is used to detect any surface-connected discontinuities such as cracks from fatigue, quenching, and grinding, as well as fractures, porosity, incomplete fusion, and flaws in joints.
A highly penetrating dye on the surface will enter discontinuities after a sufficient penetration time, and after removing the excess dye with a developing agent, the defects on the surface will be visible.Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed molestie scelerisque ultrices. Nullam venenatis, felis ut accumsan vestibulum, diam leo congue nisl, eget luctus sapien libero eget urna. Duis ac pellentesque nisi.
Phased Array technology is the ability to modify electronically the acoustic probe characteristics. Probe modifications are performed by introducing time shifts in the signals sent to and received from individual elements of an array probe. Any Ultrasonic techniques for flaw detection and sizing can be applied using Phased-Array probes.
Phased Array provides high speed electronic scanning without moving parts, improved inspection capabilities through software control of beam characteristics, inspection with multiple angles with a single electronically controlled probe, many configurations; P/E, T/R, TOFD and Tandem, and greater flexibility for inspection of complex geometries (optimized focusing and optimised beam angle). Phased Array can be used for the following applications; raw material production, aircraft, naval, power generation, petrochemical and anything else that currently applies pulse-echo testing.
The testing process is carried out using a holiday detector, this is usually on the surface of metal objects such as the interior of a tank, chemical storage vessel and also at the depth of a structure because it is important to maintain the protective layer on a layer that is in an environment that can be said to be aggressive.
This holiday detector tool is also included in the Non-Destructive Test or NDT which is carried out on surface layers, for example on the waterproof rubber layer on concrete, where holes will be detected using the formation of an electrical circuit in areas where it is deemed sufficient to withstand an electric charge. If an electric current has been detected, then the test area can be called a conductive area, which can indicate the presence of discontinuities such as holes and several small cavities.
PWHT - short for Post Weld Heat Treatment - is the more familiar and international name for what is also known as low-stress annealing. Such heat treatment is often used to minimize thermal stresses in the steel after welding. In some projects, this process itself is a requirement.
PWHT it is a heat treatment performed after welding operations. The treatment consists of a controlled process in which the workpiece is heated to a certain temperature and held.
The heat changes the properties of the workpiece material, such as the force that can be applied to it. The temperature is just below a critical point, at which point there is
a chance of transformation of the material (such as melting) - something that must obviously be prevented. The temperature is determined according to the type of material, the thickness of the workpiece and the desired modifications, among other things.
With PWHT, your workpiece is heated slowly, kept at temperature and also cooled slowly again. Among other things, this reduces the stresses in the material that occur after welding. By reducing the stresses, you prevent cracks or fractures from forming as soon as the workpiece is to be worked on. Thus, safety and reliability can be guaranteed when applying low-tension annealing.
Positive material identification (PMI) is an essential Non-destructive testing (NDT) method which allows us to analyze and determine the chemical composition and concentration of a metal or alloy in a non-destructive, fast and accurate way. TCR’s PMI Equippment are calibrated after one year of usage and checked once before testing.
MONITOR & CABLE:
Professional Drain Pipe/Sewer Pipeline Inspection Camera is designed with a 9 inch es color IPS LCD monitor with a sun-visor for outdoor inspections. The material of wire is fiberglass rod(diameter: 5MM),anti-corrosion/cold/tensile.
512HZ TRANSMITTER And Self-Leveling Camera:
This endoscope camera has a built-in 512 hertz transmitter that helps to easily detect any blockage or area of interest. This greatly helps save time from having to dig and locate the problem. The sonde transmits a 512Hz signal that can be picked up with any compatible locator, allowing you to pinpoint the transmitter'sposition underground.
Video + Audio + 5X Image Enlarge:
Pipeline Wall Sewer Inspection Snake Camera built-in TF Card slot, 16GB TF card included,it is avialiable to view live video and save video recording and photos and audio record. You can record the inspections and playback via the pipe system. (DVR Edition Video Format :AVI Photo format :JPG) + ZOOM to zoom in or zoom out 0-5 times
DVR Recording Function:
Pipeline Wall Sewer Inspection Snake Camera built-in TF Card slot, 16GB card included,it is avialiable to view live video and save video recording and photos and audio record. You can record the inspections and playback via the pipe system. (DVR Edition Video Format :AVI Photo format :JPG)
Portable adjustable stand with battery:
Comes with bracket and accessories box,more convenient to use. 12V 4500mAh lithium battery can work about 8 hours
